Deploying Zammad

Setup Details

hostname: infrabase1 Network: 10.1.65.0/24 IP Address : 10.1.65.11 Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0 Gateway: 10.1.65.1 DNS: 8.8.8.8 sudo user: kedar Container: webserver Network: 10.1.65.0/24 IP Address : 10.1.65.107 Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0 Gateway: 10.1.65.1 DNS: 8.8.8.8 sudo user: kedar Container: Postgre SQL Network: 10.1.65.0/24 IP Address : 10.1.65.107 Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0 Gateway: 10.1.65.1 DNS: 8.8.8.8 sudo user: kedar User PC Details PC type: Desktop OS: Ubuntu Desktop IP Address: 10.1.65.160

Before you proceed

The domain used here is networked.com. This is used only for demonstration and required dns entries for this domain have already been done to the host file to make the domain and any subdomains reachable on the network. This domain may be owned by someone else and we do not know who it is and we are not linked to them. Zammad configured for this domain in this howto is not reachable on public IP. If you try zammad.networked.com and find any material that may be suitable / unsuitable to you, we are not the owners of the same and we are not responsible for the content.

Introduction

• We shall be creating a Ticketing portal using zammad with FQDN as: https://zamad.networked.com
• We shall be hosting the site on port number: 443
• We shall be using a self signed SSL certificate
• Host entry to ensure this website is reachable is done in the user PC, in absence of a DNS
• Apache2 will be used as the webserver and PostgreSQL will be installed on the same host as webserver
• PostgreSQL will be installed by default when Zammad is being installed and tables etc will be created by default. Setting up Zammad with PostGreSQL setup on another server is out of scope of this 'How To'.

Pre-requisites & Installation

• Since Zammad will be installed with Package Manager almost all pre-requisites are installed by default except the ones mentioned below
  • Redis
  • Elastic Search
  • Apache2 Webserver
• Installing Redis - Log into the webserver and run the below commands

ssh kedar@10.1.65.107
sudo apt-get install lsb-release curl gpg
curl -fsSL https://packages.redis.io/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/redis-archive-keyring.gpg
sudo chmod 644 /usr/share/keyrings/redis-archive-keyring.gpg
echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/redis-archive-keyring.gpg] https://packages.redis.io/deb $(lsb_release -cs) main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/redis.list
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install redis
sudo systemctl enable redis-server
sudo systemctl start redis-server

• Installing Elastic Search - Log into the webserver and run the below commands

ssh kedar@10.1.65.107
sudo su
$ apt install apt-transport-https sudo wget curl gnupg
$ echo "deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/elasticsearch.gpg] https://artifacts.elastic.co/packages/7.x/apt stable main"| \
  tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/elastic-7.x.list > /dev/null
$ curl -fsSL https://artifacts.elastic.co/GPG-KEY-elasticsearch | \
  gpg --dearmor | tee /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/elasticsearch.gpg> /dev/null
$ apt update
$ apt install elasticsearch
$ /usr/share/elasticsearch/bin/elasticsearch-plugin install ingest-attachment
$ systemctl start elasticsearch
$ systemctl enable elasticsearch

After this add two lines at the end to /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml

http.max_content_length: 400mb
indices.query.bool.max_clause_count: 2000

• Installing Apache2 Webserver

ssh kedar@10.1.65.107
$ sudo apt install apache2 openssl nano
$ sudo a2enmod proxy proxy_html proxy_http proxy_wstunnel headers ssl
$ sudo systemctl restart apache2
$ sudo systemctl status apache2

Install Zammad

• Install required tools

$ sudo apt install curl apt-transport-https gnupg

• Ensure all of the above is completed - installing Redis, Elastic Search and Apache Webserver
• Ensure the correct locale is setup

$ sudo apt install locales
$ sudo locale-gen en_US.UTF-8
$ echo "LANG=en_US.UTF-8" > sudo /etc/default/locale

• Add repository and install Zammad

$ curl -fsSL https://dl.packager.io/srv/zammad/zammad/key | \
   gpg --dearmor | sudo tee /etc/apt/keyrings/pkgr-zammad.gpg> /dev/null
$ echo "deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/pkgr-zammad.gpg] https://dl.packager.io/srv/deb/zammad/zammad/stable/ubuntu 24.04 main"| \
   sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/zammad.list > /dev/null
$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt install zammad

• Check if Zammad is running

$ sudo systemctl status zammad

if it is not active / running
$ systemctl start zammad

Create self signed certificates

• Log into the webserver and run the below commands

$ sudo openssl req -newkey rsa:4096 -nodes -x509 -days 1825 -keyout /etc/ssl/private/zamadkey.pem -out /etc/ssl/certs/zamadcertificate.pem

• You can use a commercial certificate if you have one or can also use free Lets Encrypt certificate

Configure Apache

• Copy the default zammad file in the default apache2 configuration file location

$ sudo cp /opt/zammad/contrib/apache2/zammad_ssl.conf /etc/apache2/sites-available/zammad.conf

• Adjust the configuration file by changing
  • Location of the certificate files
  • Server Name
  • FQDN
• My Sample file looks like this

#
# this is an example apache 2.4 config for zammad
# Please visit https://docs.zammad.org for further input on how to configure
# your apache to work with Zammad
#

# security - prevent information disclosure about server version
ServerTokens Prod

<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName zamad.networked.com
    Redirect permanent / https://zamad.networked.com/
</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost *:443>
    SSLEngine on
    SSLProtocol all -SSLv2 -SSLv3
    SSLCipherSuite EECDH+AESGCM:EDH+AESGCM:AES256+EECDH:AES256+EDH

    SSLCertificateFile /etc/ssl/certs/zammadcertificate.pem
    SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/ssl/private/zammadkey.pem
#    SSLCertificateChainFile /etc/ssl/lets-encrypt-x3-cross-signed.pem
#    SSLOpenSSLConfCmd DHParameters /etc/ssl/dhparam.pem

    # replace 'localhost' with your fqdn if you want to use zammad from remote
    ServerName zamad.networked.com

    ## don't loose time with IP address lookups
    HostnameLookups Off

    ## needed for named virtual hosts
    UseCanonicalName Off

    ## configures the footer on server-generated documents
    ServerSignature Off
        
    ProxyRequests Off
    ProxyPreserveHost On

    <Proxy 127.0.0.1:3000>
      Require local
    </Proxy>
    RequestHeader set X_FORWARDED_PROTO 'https'
    RequestHeader set X-Forwarded-Ssl on

    ProxyPass /assets !
    ProxyPass /favicon.ico !
    ProxyPass /apple-touch-icon.png !
    ProxyPass /robots.txt !
    # legacy web socket server
    ProxyPass /ws ws://127.0.0.1:6042/
    # action cable
    ProxyPass /cable ws://127.0.0.1:3000/cable
    ProxyPass / http://127.0.0.1:3000/

    # change this line in an SSO setup
    RequestHeader unset X-Forwarded-User

    # Use settings below if proxying does not work and you receive HTTP-Errror 404
    # if you use the settings below, make sure to comment out the above two options
    # This may not apply to all systems, applies to openSuse
    #ProxyPass /ws ws://127.0.0.1:6042/ "retry=1 acque=3000 timeout=600 keepalive=On"
    #ProxyPass /cable ws://127.0.0.1:3000/cable "retry=1 acque=3000 timeout=600 keepalive=On"
    #ProxyPass / http://127.0.0.1:3000/ "retry=1 acque=3000 timeout=600 keepalive=On"

    DocumentRoot "/opt/zammad/public"

    <Directory />
        Options FollowSymLinks
        AllowOverride None
    </Directory>

    <Directory "/opt/zammad/public">
        Options FollowSymLinks
              Require all granted
    </Directory>
</VirtualHost>   

Connect Zammad with Elastic Search

Ensure zammad is installed and is running

# Set the Elasticsearch server address
$ sudo zammad run rails r "Setting.set('es_url', 'https://localhost:9200')"

# Build the search index
$ sudo zammad run rake zammad:searchindex:rebuild

# Optionally, you can specify a number of CPU cores which are used for
# rebuilding the searchindex, as in the following example with 8 cores:
$ sudo zammad run rake zammad:searchindex:rebuild[8]
$ sudo systemctl restart apache2

Access Zammad

• From any browser visit: https:/Zammad.networked.com
• Create an admin account
• Integrate Google or Microsoft for authentication

Conclusion

• Open source Zammad Ticketing Portal is setup and ready to be used
• Installation, configuration and maintenance can be a little complicated for the ones who are not well-versed with Linux, postgresql. elasticsearch and Redis.

References

• About Zammad: https://zammad.org/
• Zammad Documentation: https://docs.zammad.org/en/latest/
• How to use Zammad: https://user-docs.zammad.org/en/latest/
• Installing Redis: https://redis.io/docs/latest/operate/oss_and_stack/install/install-redis/install-redis-on-linux/
• Setting up Elastic Search: https://docs.zammad.org/en/latest/install/elasticsearch.html
• Configure Webserver: https://docs.zammad.org/en/latest/getting-started/configure-webserver.html